Which type of surgery is performed by urology surgeons?

Urology surgeons specialize in the surgical treatment of conditions related to the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. This includes a variety of procedures, with surgery for kidney stones being a common focus. Kidney stones are mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys, and when they obstruct the urinary tract or cause significant pain, surgical intervention may be necessary. Urologists are trained to perform procedures such as ureteroscopy, shock wave lithotripsy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy to effectively treat this condition and alleviate patient discomfort.

The other types of surgeries listed are outside the scope of urology. Gallbladder surgery involves the gastrointestinal system and is typically performed by general surgeons. Heart surgery is related to cardiovascular issues and would be conducted by cardiac surgeons. Brain surgery falls under the realm of neurosurgeons who specialize in surgical interventions related to the brain and nervous system. Therefore, surgery for kidney stones is the correct answer, as it is directly related to the expertise of urology surgeons.