Which statement about bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is accurate?

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is characterized by significant mood swings that include both manic and depressive episodes. This means that individuals with BPAD experience periods of elevated mood, known as mania or hypomania, which can include symptoms such as increased energy, reduced need for sleep, talkativeness, and impulsive behavior. These manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, where the individual may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. This alternating pattern is what distinguishes BPAD from other mood disorders.

The notion of fluctuating between these two states reflects the variability and cyclical nature of the disorder, making the statement about patients experiencing both mania and depression accurate. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, as it shapes the therapeutic approaches tailored to manage both aspects of the condition.