What are examples of non-modifiable risk factors for mental health?

Non-modifiable risk factors for mental health are characteristics that individuals cannot change or influence through their actions. Biological sex and ethnicity are key examples of such risk factors because they are inherent traits that individuals are born with and do not have the capacity to alter.

Biological sex refers to the physiological differences between males and females, which can influence susceptibility to certain mental health conditions. Ethnicity encompasses cultural, social, and historical contexts that can affect mental health outcomes, including access to care and stigma experienced in various communities.

In contrast, the other options provided represent modifiable factors. Health behaviors, such as smoking, are actions individuals can change to improve their mental and physical health. Exercise and nutrition directly relate to lifestyle choices that can be modified to enhance well-being. Social interactions also fall into the realm of factors that individuals can influence and manage to improve their mental health. Therefore, biological sex and ethnicity stand out as non-modifiable risk factors, making this choice the correct answer.